Showing posts with label debt. Show all posts
Showing posts with label debt. Show all posts

Thursday, August 1, 2013

Day 244: Transforming Currency into Money with Living Income Guaranteed

In the video "Hidden Secrets Of Money - Ep1 'Currency Vs Money'" Mike Maloney and others present one of the problems we are facing in our current economic system and that is - how the value of our currency is able to change over time - where it can both appreciate and depreciate - but throughout history it has mainly depreciated until it becomes worthless and then a new currency is introduced. The video explains the problem, but it doesn't offer a real solution - which I will be discussing in this blog.

Now - when I said 'the value of our currency is able to change over time' - with 'our currency' I am not referring to a specific currency such as Dollar or Euro or Rand - I am referring to fiat currency. For those who are not aware of the history of our currencies: paper bills were introduced as IOUs - a piece of paper stating that: I owe you 5 gold coins, for instance. Say that you deposited 5 gold coins at the bank. The bank would then write you a claim check that specifies that with that piece of paper, you can at a later time come and claim those 5 gold coins back. Now - over time what started happening, is that when people would go to the market place and wanted to buy something for 7 gold coins, but they only had 2 on them - they would go: "You know, I only have 2 gold coins on me, but I've got 5 at the bank, how about I give you the 2 gold coins plus the claim check for the 5 gold coins at the bank, and then you can just go and claim them." And from there, the ball started rolling and less and less people went to actually collect gold at the bank and started simply trading with the paper claims - which is what we currently know as paper bills. From there, it didn't take long before banks would just start printing money that was no longer 'backed up' by any gold at the bank. From this point onwards - we started trading with fiat currency - a currency that is not limited by the resources that is 'backing up' the value of the currency.

Why does that matter? It matters from the perspective that the amount of gold in the world is limited and therefore, the value of gold stays round about the same over time. What determines the value of gold? It's determined by how much of it is in circulation, and thus - by consequence, how much we are able to buy with it. So - let's take an example of a little village where 10 people live and there are in total 10 gold bars in circulation in this mini-economy. These 10 people have certain goods they want to buy and each a certain amount of gold that they are willing to spend on it. This determines the demand for the goods in the village. The suppliers balance their costs with profits - where they know that if they charge a high price, there will be less villagers able to buy the product, and if they charge a lower price it will become harder to make a profit and eventually even difficult to cover their costs. So - balancing demand and supply - a price for the goods is determined. Now - let's say that suddenly - instead of 10 bars of gold, there are 20 bars of gold - what will happen to the prices? They will go up because the demand goes up. Herein - understand that demand means: people want it and they can pay for it. So - when there is more money - it doesn't mean that people suddenly want more of something - it means they always wanted that amount, but they couldn't demand it because they didn't have the money to demand it. So - with demand increasing - the suppliers will realize that they can now charge a higher price - and so the prices of the goods in the village go up. What has happened to the value of gold? The value of gold decreased, because with the same amount of gold, people are now able to buy less of the goods - because the price went up.

So - with currency initially being backed up by gold - it limited how much money was in circulation - and so, it kept the value of money stable - because it was tied to the amount of gold that was available in the world. Gold is not something we can create - we can melt gold down and change the form but we cannot make new gold. So - the amount of gold we have in the world today is the same amount of gold that we had centuries ago. With fiat currency, however, reserve banks are able to simply print more paper money, increase the money supply - and in turn prices increase and the value of the money depreciates.

So far the reasoning of the economists seems sound - however, it is not - because they are misusing the term 'inflation'.

When they discuss inflation they assume that it means: the prices of all goods and services in an economy go up as a result of an increase in the money supply - and therefore, money becomes worth less and people can buy less and less stuff.

But what is not considered is the following: with inflation - the price of literally EVERYTHING in the economy goes up - and that includes the price of labor. So - from that perspective - if the prices of 'stuff' doubles, it's not a problem, because your wage would have doubled as well. And so - technically - yes - the nominal value of money depreciates - but the real value remains the same: you can buy less with one dollar, but you can still buy the same amount with your wage.

So - this reveals a problem in our current economic system - and how it is deviating from how things should be done. Let's take again the example of a village where there are 10 people and there are 100 dollars in circulation. If the money supply suddenly increases to 200 dollars, suppliers will up their price because the demand increased. Now - this higher price has to also increase the wages of those who work for the suppliers - and when their wage increase, they will have no problem paying the higher price. The wage of the workers would go up simply because they will demand a higher wage through their labor unions because otherwise they cannot pay the higher prices. But instead - what's been happening: the suppliers keep the wages of the laborers the same or only give them a slight increase - and instead: just make a lot more profit. And have a look - that's exactly what's been happening in the world. Why? Because when laborers demand higher wages - what do the bosses say? Well - if you don't want to work for that wage - I let you go and I will find someone worse off than you and have them do the work. That is why we have so many companies that closed down in Europe and America that moved to China and the third world in general - because they could profit from people being worse off there than in their country, that were willing to work for much lower wages.

And this is why within Living Income Guaranteed - we suggest that prices be determined according to the value that was put into it - which includes your labor. And valuing labor means: your workers must have a wage that allows them a certain lifestyle. This should be enshrined in the Constitution as a Human Right - otherwise one creates cycles of abuse where some win and most lose. And so - if all prices in the economy go up because of an increase in the money supply - your wages will have to increase simultaneously - otherwise you're committing a crime against life.

Herein, then - it doesn't matter whether you have fiat currency or not - becaue the real value of the currency remains the same. In the video they explain how the difference between currency and money is that money is a store of value - its value remains the same over time - and with currency this is not part of the definition. So - with making this one adjustment to the economic system, so that it would function how it is intended to function - we would be able to say that our fiat currency is in fact money - because the real value of the currency remains the same over time.

Is it a solution to step away from fiat currency and go back to silver and gold? No! Why not? Exactly because the amount of gold and silver in the world is limited - it doesn't change. But what does change? The amount of people in your economy. So - if you take  again the village of 10 people with 10 gold bars and let's say each owns one gold bar, but now they all make babies and suddenly there are 20 villagers and still the same 10 gold bars - you obviously have a problem - because now each villagers (assuming an egalitarian society) only owns half a gold bar. And yes - the value of gold remains the same: you can still buy the same amount of stuff with one gold bar before there were babies as you can after there were babies - but not everyone has a gold bar anymore - so the standards of living goes down anyway as you can suddenly buy less stuff.

So - to have your money supply absolutely the same over time, regardless of a change in population, is also counterproductive. When it comes to money creation - it should be calculated according to two points:
- available resources
- population

Furthermore - which is quite fascinating - in the video the economists point to history and how throughout history every fiat currency reverted back to zero - and therefore we should use gold/silver instead. But they ignore the fact that throughout history people have always also gone back to fiat currency - simply because it is much more convenient to carry around paper or a plastic card with a chip than a bunch of gold bars. I mean - making gold/silver the currency would eventually lead to history repeating itself, just because it's not practical to transport gold for transactions.

Therefore - instead of telling people to invest in gold and silver because currency will become worthless - and then at least you have something to trade with - rather correct the problem with fiat currency so that it works for everyone.

We continue in the next blog with our discussion on money and currencies where we'll have a look at the nonsense of having currencies with different values.

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Sunday, July 14, 2013

Day 240: A Bank for the People

We have an interesting point being taught in economy books - which is that an increase in investment spending has an expansionary effect on the economy - because money is invested in certain products and therefore, people are being paid or jobs being created, which means an increase in income, which means more consumption spending and so a multiplier effect sets in - because, in turn, consumption spending increases income, which increases consumption spending, where of course the increase each time becomes smaller and smaller and eventually 'dies out'. However, on the flip side - what is not spoken about in the text books, is how, at the same time as a multiplier effect is in progress - there is also a growing debt - because interest rates cause a debt to increase over time as well. And this debt, which is eventually a multiple of the initial loan, must be repaid, and so money again disappears from the economy, causing the economy to shrink.

So, within Living Income Guaranteed, we suggest banking will still be relevant from the perspective of big capital investments such as housing or cars. In some countries, we see a rising trend of loans being taken out, not for such big capital expenditure, but for day-to-day living costs, such as food and clothing. Such points will stop within Living Income Guaranteed, because one will be guaranteed to have an income that is sufficient to provide oneself with these basic necessities.

So - when it comes to loans, banks will herein make money through asking for a once-off fee rather than an interest rate - where this fee must cover labor costs and a profit markup - where the fee is reasonable from the perspective of what is required for banking to be profitable without creating a monopoly on money. And of course loans must only be undertaken if the capacity exists for the debt to be repaid.

The creation of money through fractional reserve banking would have to be revised and a way of money-creation be devised so that it stands in relation to supporting the rate at which the economy is growing - which must take into account population growth as well as available resources.

So - herein, banking becomes an actual life-support system where big investments can be paid over time and where it will increase and support the value of the citizen in terms of their life. And thus, the banking system becomes a means to truly supports economic growth as well as the growth in value of a citizen's life.


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Tuesday, January 8, 2013

Day 169: Equal Living within Equal Money Capitalism

Note: The EMC is an entirely new project that was started a week ago or so. We’re at the moment in the phase where we are brainstorming by answering questions. It’s a messy process – but an effective one to get all the relevant points addressed. So – also note that points will evolve and change as we go as we are not setting things in stone, but on a journey towards designing the EMC. The principles upon which EMC is based are laid out in the previous blog-posts. From those principles, we work our way towards what life in EMC would practically be like and how the system will function from an economic perspective.




 

Debt Forgiveness

Q: If all debt is relieved, won’t there all of a sudden be a large group with no jobs all at once”

A: Those who may find themselves in a position of unemployment as the result of Complete Debt Forgiveness will either be integrated into other companies - or government will provide them with new jobs. Preferably, these types of outflows would have to be considered before implementation to ensure smooth transitioning from one system to the next – and would thus have to be calculated and planned prior to full implementation.

Countries

Q: Will people be able to choose in which countries they will live?

A: Yes – though in the end, every location will be supported and equipped equally in terms of infrastructure to ensure an equal standard of living in every location / country. This in itself will minimize the amount of migration as migration currently is mostly based on economic reasons.

 

What happens with Deficits / Surpluses?

Q: Since a person’s income is dependent on the profit from products being purchased, if the products are not purchased enough to give them sufficient income, do they get supported from compassion department, while it gets sorted out?

A: Yes, those companies that are very successful and sell more than they require paying out everyone with the same income will transfer their funds into a centralized bank. The bank will then utilise these surpluses to momentarily subsidize those companies who are running a deficit. The fact that they are running a deficit may indicate a point of ineffectiveness within those companies which may be corrected. When deficits are identified - someone will be sent to intervene and evaluate the situation. The company with deficit will receive training from similar companies who have proven to be effective and successful, so they may learn from their methods and techniques and become equally effective.
 

Bottom-Up Democracy

Q: So this will be a top-down system like today's?

A: No - because the top is the bottom - direct democracy means that the people rule. Equal Money Capitalism’s political process will be the same as the process outlined within the Equal Money System – which is a form of Direct Participation. You can read more about the Political Nature of both Equal Money Systems here.
 

Payments for Non-Products?

Q: How do people earn an income from jobs that don't produce a product that is purchased, or will everyone need to do a job that produces something to be bought? or does compensation also happen as paid from the government not just consumers purchasing products?

A: Yes - any value that is added - whether to a product or not - will be compensated. So - for government services - you simply do your hours and receive an equal income like everyone else. Whenever you purchase a product or a service – you are always paying for the labour involved, as such there is no difference when paying for a product versus paying for a service.
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Monday, December 31, 2012

Day 164: Equal Money Capitalism - Preparing the Road for Change

Note: The EMC is an entirely new project that was started 3 days ago. We’re at the moment in the phase where we are brainstorming by answering questions. It’s a messy process – but an effective one to get all the relevant points addressed. So – also note that points will evolve and change as we go as we are not setting things in stone, but on a journey towards designing the EMC. The principles upon which EMC is based are laid out in the previous blog-post. From those principles, we work our way towards what life in EMC would practically be like and how the system will function from an economic perspective.

CHILDREN

When a child is born, the parents' company/companies will allocate an equal profit share for the child - which will be added to the parent's profit share. Every parent will have a company - because everyone will be employed.

UNEMPLOYMENT / FULL EMPLOYMENT

If unemployment exists - the government must step in to create jobs where possible - because employment is a basic human right.

ROLE OF GOVERNMENT

The government will still play a role to provide everyone with their basic human rights such as healthcare, education, housing, sanitation, roads, employment etc. So - the government will fund these points through taxes. The only tax that will exist are the value-added tax on products - this will be part of the labelling of products - where it'll show the percentage of the price that goes to tax and for what the tax will be used. There will be no need for an income tax to redistribute income in a fair way - because income will be distributed fairly from the get-go.

WILL VAT GENERATE ENOUGH INCOME TO PAY FOR ALL THE INFRASTRUCTURE: SANITATION, CLEAN WATER ETC?

VAT will be added to each product in a way to make sure there is enough within the common pool of money - which is the tax - to ensure all the basic rights can be provided. Also consider that with all military expenditure falling away - there will actually be quite a substantial amount of money available to governments with which to fund these projects.

DEBT

In terms of debt - whether it will be erased at the moment of implementation of EMC: all debt will be forgiven - it was not real to start with in any case.

MENIAL TASKS

All the jobs that no-one will want to do will disappear - the same point to the EMS applies- technology will have to be developed to replace those points - like self-cleaning toilets and stuff like that - it already exists.  All jobs of slavery that one wouldn't do if it weren't for the need to survive will go *poof*.

Initially, some jobs which are not nice will still have to be done, as the specific production processes to create particular technology/machinery has not yet been adjusted during this transition period. So for a moment, those jobs will still have to be done until the transition is complete - this will become part of the compassion department because you are doing it for the betterment of everyone. These type of jobs can be rotational in nature.

ROLE   OF EQUAL MONEY CAPITALISM WITHIN EQUAL MONEY SYSTEM

EMC is a transition to EMS - though it can still be seen - once an EMC is in place, whether it is desired/necessary to transition to EMS. In the end - the result is what matters, and this is always Equality and a Life Worth Living.

ABUSE

Abuse is psychological disorders as it harms innocents and we will prevent harm in every way possible, corruption will be very difficult in EMC. Remember the profit share motive is not one that allows boundless profits--it allows equal profits based on a life value.

OVERSIGHT IN EMC

Within EMC the principle will be that everything is to work in harmony with each other. Therefore - dependent on which level a point of disharmony occurs, it will be addressed accordingly. If there is a worker within a company that is not acting in a way that is best for the company as a whole - this point will be addressed by a tribunal within the company. If it is an entire company that is behaving in a disharmonious way - it will be addressed by government departments.

PRICING

Pricing on products will no longer be based on expensive or cheap-- or making profit --but rather sustainable pricing that ensures enough money in circulation to make the system function effectively.

Profit is not to be understood in the same way as it is now. At the moment - profit is what is left after wages have been paid and production costs are covered. Within EMC - there will be no wages - your profit will be your wage. So - every time a product is scanned when it is bought - the computer sees what percentage of the price is allocated to whom - and immediately the money-allocation happens accordingly. So - there's no need to wait a year to calculate profits - it will be immediate.
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Sunday, November 25, 2012

Day 143: The Neo-Apartheid Era

In the past, Apartheid meant the segregation between people according to the colour of their skin.
Currently, many may still mistake the current inequalities in the world as being the result of an 'Apartheid' mentality - but the truth is that we are currently dealing with a whole new form of Apartheid: Neo-Apartheid.

Neo-Apartheid, is the division of people -- not based on skin colour or race -- but based on what you have or do not have as: MONEY.

In South Africa, many claim 'Apartheid' is still roaming, and that the major inequalities present are the result of division based on race. It's really a division based on money: you have those with money, and you have those without money (or very little). It just happens to coincide, that many black people are poor and thus disadvantages -- but the colour of one's skin is not the foundational point, money is, and this is what the Neo-Apartheid is all about.

In the past, for building you had two doors: Whites and Non-Whites -- and based on your skin colour you would have a particular access to resources. Now, we work with a different system of segregation: Money. You want food? This is the price-tag: You have money = you have food. You don't have money = you don't get food. Our current Money System, does not care about the colour of your skin, your gender, your age, where you're from -- all it wants to know is: do you have money?

The peculiar thing with Neo-Apartheid as the Money Division Scam -- is that no-one seems to notice that it exists. We don't seem to think that it is strange, that we go to the shop and see a homeless person in a shaggy box, begging for food or money. We don't ask: "How come that I am able to go into this shop, and get myself food, because I have a card with digital money on it -- and this person who does not have a card with digital money on it, or paper with numbers on -- for some reason does not get to go inside and buy food? Why is that?".

No instead, we try not to look the person in the eye, shush the children that are with us shopping, telling them not to look or interact with the person -- like he has some freaking disease -- and just walk into the shop stone-cold. And then once you're in the shop with all the bright lights and sparkly colours you can relax, you're safe -- that person cannot come through the sliding doors, he does not belong here.

I mean: what the fuck.

If money is our ticket to basically everything in this world, then how come some have it and others don't? And how come some have A LOT of it, while others don't?

This Neo-Apartheid phenomenon, is not an isolated incident that is typical for only a few countries -- this is a World Wide phenomenon taking place!

Let’s have a look at the Lorenz curve of the world – but first, let me explain what a Lorenz curve is:

The Lorenz curve is a graphical method of depicting inequality within a particular area and thus concerning a particular group of people.
You have your vertical and horizontal axis, where the vertical axis represents cumulative income in percentage, and the horizontal axis represents cumulative percentage of people/households, like this:



Then, there is a straight diagonal line in the graph – which represents the point of ‘perfect equality’: the first 10% of the people receive 10% of all income, the first 20% receive 20% of all income and so forth. This line is our point of reference and is always included in the graph:




Then, another curve is drawn, and the ‘deeper’ the other curve is compared to the straight line = the more inequality, as income is more disproportionally distributed. The closer the second curve is to the straight line – the closer it is to being equal.



Here’s a few curves to get an idea of what I’m talking about:


So here you can see the curves become more curved – indicating more inequality.

Now let’s look at the Lorenz curve of the WORLD


Woooaaaah!! That is like practically bordering on the point of Perfect Inequality (and there is no curve more unequal than this one for any part of the world -- this is it) ! That means, that currently, in our Neo-Apartheid Era --- the majority of the people have to do with very little, while a few hog all the wealth. So, we can see that the most prominent inequality currently, is not a race thing, it’s a money thing – and right now, money is distributed disproportionally over the whole of the population and no-one seems to think that this is a strange thing. It’s almost like this must be the graph for some really bad, poor country, where criminals run everything and are so corrupt that nothing is left for the people… This can’t be the graph for the WORLD??

But it is, which means, the world IS run by criminals and we are in a pretty messy situation right now where so many people are living a life of misery because we as humanity have lost all common sense reasoning capability and have surrendered ourselves to fear, where we will never question authority, and never do anything that is ‘out of line’ – just nodding our heads while we’re being robbed blind.

It’s time to wake up to reality, and see that what we have created is so disturbing that it just cannot get more disturbing than what we’re at now. Wake up, the world does not have to be this way, we don’t have to live in fear – check out www.EqualMoney.org -- let’s stop Neo-Apartheid.

Friday, October 19, 2012

Day 121: Euro Crisis and Old Grudges

Germany has taken lead as part of the Eurozone to push Greece's austerity measures.

The German Chancellor Angela Merkel went to visit Greece to talk to the Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras on the status of the Greek economy.

Demonstrations and protests emerged, where some of the demonstrators were even bearing swastika flags to show their discontent at Germany being the one pushing the austerity measures. Points like Greece never having waived their claim at reparations from Germany opened up, and the Nazi occupation from 41 to 44.

So now here's all these people getting angry, and basically blaming Germany for the hardship they are in because of the war and never having received reparations costs.

But if you look at history, all wars were always economic in nature -- where somewhere someone wanted to have advantage over another -- like say Germany wanting to become a superpower, and then losing and then getting punished really bad for, so bad that they got angry and started a new war.

There's always been someone wanting more than another, always someone wanting to be within a 'win' situation -- where they fear losing their money so bad, that they make moves which are destructive for the whole of the world economy -- and yet throughout history, the same mistakes happen over and over again.

Most of the time, the reasons for war aren't even 'rational' in it's starting point (on that note, can war ever be rational?) -- where countries merely fear or interpret another countries economic performance in a particular way where they then go and make assumptions and want to go to war -- or where they feel like they are being treated unfairly and want payback, etc. In essence, these countries as 'personas' on their own, act exactly like human beings, where they are completely ruled by emotion and lack all common sense in the world.

I mean, all they are doing right now is trying to save each one's individual ass, without any consideration of what would be Best for All -- where the EU's pretty comfortable saying "Good Riddance!" to Greece, and anyone else who seems to be in a trouble.

Countries are being ruled by people who are just as impulsive as any other person on the street, but this has massive consequence since you're not just dealing with two human beings or a small group of human beings, but entire countries with millions of people who have to suffer the consequence of decisions based on emotion rather than common sense and what is Best for All.



If we are going to continue making political and economic decisions based on the past and personal grudges, we're never going to get anywhere because we're just going to try and get back at each other. It's time to realise that we are all just people, on the same planet, sharing the same space -- we might as well make the best out of it for EVERYONE.


Euro crisis opens old wounds for Greece, Germany, By Oliver Joy, for CNN, October 19, 2012 - http://edition.cnn.com/2012/10/19/business/euro-crisis-greece-germany/index.html?hpt=hp_bn6

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Wednesday, October 3, 2012

Day 110: Evilution - Neocolonialism

This blog is a continuation to:
Day 98: The Unholy Trinity
Day 99: Money Votes
Day 102: Liberalism
Day 103: Abstract Equality
Day 104: We have to Protect our Freedom!
Day 105: Human Liberties
Day 106: Structural Adjustment
Day 107: Getting Reality to conform to an Illusion
Day 108: Virtual Democracies
Day 109: Politics as a Double-Faced Game



Let’s have a look at why many countries who are under Structural Adjustment Programs, came to turn to international institutions like the IMF and the World Bank.

Most of these Third World Countries had been previously colonised by the West.
During this time, the colonised countries’ existence was only relevant to the Colonising country in so far that it could use it for resource extraction or trade benefits. During the colonial rule, a lot of changes took place in terms of the colonies’ infrastructures. Infrastructures were built in relation to the country’s function, and like we just mentioned, this function was to serve the colonising country.

So any and all infrastructures built in these countries, were built to direct the flow of resources towards the West. Most of the time, these infrastructures were focused on only a few goods, like cocoa, tobacco, coffee.

So what happened after independence?

During the colonial rule, all these countries were submerged into the international economic/money system – they were now part of the game. When the colonial rulers left, they had no choice but to continue playing the game – the ties were already too much ingrained. So now they had to come up with a plan to be able to continue to play the game. Unfortunately, the only infrastructures in place in these countries in terms of international trade, were those to serve the West. So even though the colonial rulers left – these colonised countries still continued to play the exact same role after colonisation. Considering that there were many of these countries, and many of them focused/specialised on the same goods/crops – they were now competing with each other to get their goods sold to the West, which forced them to lower their prices as much as possible just to get their stuff sold.

Previously during the colonial rule, the occupiers would finance much of the country’s development that would further trade. Now that they had left, these third world countries were left with nothing. The only thing they could do to ‘kickstart’ their economies = was to borrow money.

Every since then, many of these countries went into Debt and have so far not been able to repay it.

The loans they get now, are conditional as seen in Day 98 and Day 106 – where not only these countries are at the mercy of the West economically – but now also have to conform politically. So in essence, nothing has really changed. Just through money, a new form of ‘indirect’ colonialism replaced the older ‘direct’ colonialism – but countries are still being exploited.

Look at it simplistically:

The West comes and colonises Third World Countries. They take their resource and built stuff which only serves the West. Then they go away and leave the Third World Countries alone, and let them plunge into massive Debt just for the sake of survival. But the only reason why they had to go into Debt, was because of the actions of the West.

I mean, it just doesn’t make any sense!

We call ourselves ‘civilised’ and ‘evolved’ – but we’ve really not changed at all, we’ve just gotten better at covering up what we do and make it sound more acceptable – while it is totally NOT.

Friday, September 28, 2012

Day 107: Getting Reality to Conform to an Illusion

This Blog is a continuation to:
Day 98: The Unholy Trinity
Day 99: Money Votes
Day 102: Liberalism
Day 103: Abstract Equality
Day 104: We have to Protect our Freedoms
Day 105: Human Liberties
Day 106: Structural Adjustment
 
 I forgive myself that I have accepted and allowed myself to have created an opinion as an ideology where apparently ‘freedom’ stands central and where ‘equality’ is valued – yet this ‘freedom’ and ‘equality’ is nowhere to be found/seen – as my opinion/ideology only values particular resources such as money, skills and talent – where these are not equally distributed among the population and so this result in inequality and lack of freedom as one can only do so much in this world when one is limited by money

I forgive myself that I haven’t accepted and allowed myself to see and realise that this ideology is only an opinion I have created in my mind – where my values work for me, where I was lucky to have been born in an environment where money and skill was made available to me through having been born in a family with money and thus having had access to education – and where I have taken this point and made it universal, where if I can do it, anyone can do – and so if one does not make a ‘success’ out of themselves, the reason for this must lie in the character of the person as them being ‘lazy’ – without ever stopping for a moment and seeing/realising that not everyone is born into an environment where money and education is available – and so what works for me might not (and most of the time, will not) work for others

I forgive myself that I have accepted and allowed myself to have taken my opinion which I did not practically test out / challenge in physical reality and turned it into a grand-scale opinion as ideology – and then used money as a way to enforce this ideology on others – where if others want to have money to help themselves they must comply to my ideology and so they go and comply to my ideology which has no relationship to how things actually physically, practically work in this world – but since they see no other way of getting money, they will place themselves in this precarious situation as no choice is left

I forgive myself that I have accepted and allowed myself to believe that if my ideology/opinion works for me – it should work for everyone – without actually investigating whether it is so – where I then go and impose my opinion which is a made-up illusion, unto reality and try to get reality which is real to conform to my opinion which is an illusion – which then obviously only results in the abuse of reality in the attempt to change/mould it into something which it cannot be – where millions of people pay the consequence, since my opinion as ideology is being imposed on entire countries and their population

I forgive myself that I haven’t accepted and allowed myself to see and realise that my opinion/ideology only works if you have money –and thus if one goes and impose this opinion on an environment which lacks money: the consequences are disastrous


I commit myself to show that our current economic system as values is merely based on ideology as opinion and is not rooted in actual physical practicality

I commit myself to show that traditional economists are not interested in providing actual solutions which work for everyone but are only interested in preserving their opinion as illusion and trying to impose this on reality and try to get reality to conform to an illusion which is practically impossible

I commit myself to show the importance of dealing and sorting out one’s opinions as when these opinions turn into ideologies which get enforced/imposed on a massive scale the results/consequences are disastrous and completely unnecessary

I commit myself to show that our current economic system is based on opinion and does not consider what it actually means to support Life on Earth and so I commit myself to the abolishment of our current economic system so we can make way for a New Economic System rooted in Physical Reality instead of opinion so we may finally have an Economic System of support in place

I commit myself to show that if opinions are left unchallenged, the consequences can be deadly

I commit myself to show that unless the human as human nature change – we will remain in fucked-upness – as the nature/reality of opinion on a personal scale has not yet been properly investigated/challenged but instead been protected and defended in the name of “freedom” – and where this unchallenged point manifests in a bigger scale as an ideology which is left unquestioned and has disastrous consequence but yet no-one will speak up in the name of “freedumb”




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Saturday, September 1, 2012

Day 85: Financing Government Expenditure

There are three ways a government can finance its expenditure (and where usually all three are being employed): taxes, borrowing and income from property.

Taxes and borrowing are quite straightforward ( though we will dig deeper into the tax point later), but 'income from property' might need some additional explaining. Income from property basically refers to the income the government receives from for instance publicly owned enterprises, rent (eg. mining rights) and other forms of charges and license fees. When all of these are added up, they however only result into a very small proportion of the income of the government. In general, taxes will be where the major share of income originates, but is usually also not sufficient to cover all of the government's expenditure.

As seen in the previous blog, the difference between government income and government expenditure is called the 'budget deficit'. In order to finance this gap, the government will turn to borrowing.

As we all know, borrowing creates debt -- and as such, government borrowing will increase public debt. As the debt increases, so will the interest burden which also affects future generations as they will sit with the debts from those who were in government positions before them, and so when borrowing occurs, we are basically spending money at the expense of future generations which will have to pay this debt off. Because of this implication, borrowing will only be seen as justified when it is done in relation to capital investments which are expected to yield a return which will 'set off' the incurred debt.

Taxation

Taxes are compulsory payments which go to the government, and as we said before -- make up the largest share of government revenue.

There are three different types of taxes which each their own sub-categories: 1) Direct and Indirect Taxes, 2) General and Selective Taxes and 3) Progressive, Regressive and Regressive Taxes.

Direct taxes are also sometimes referred to as taxes on income and wealth. Direct taxes are levied on 'persons' (companies can also constitute as 'persons').  This tax includes personal income tax, estate duty and company tax. Indirect taxes on the other hand, are levied upon transactions and are usually paid by those who will be consuming the good or service in question. VAT, customs, and excise duties are examples of indirect taxes.

While for instance VAT is an indirect tax it is also a general tax. It is a general tax because it is levied on most goods and services. Excise duties are also an indirect tax, but can further be classified as being a selective tax since it is levied on specific goods only (eg. Fuel, alcohol, tobacco).

We can differentiate between progressive, proportional and regressive taxes based on the ratio of tax paid to taxable income.

A progressive tax is a tax where the ratio of tax paid to taxable income increases as taxable income increases. This implies that people with higher incomes will pay a larger percentage of their income than those people with low(er) incomes.
A proportional tax is a tax where the ratio of tax paid to taxable income is the same at all levels for income.  (Eg, everyone pays 25%)
A regressive tax is a tax where the ratio between tax paid and taxable income decreases as taxable income increases. In this case, a larger percentage of the low-income people will be taken than those with higher incomes. This usually happens with indirect taxes such as VAT.